HbA1c trials
How to read this chart
How much did glucose control improve?
- The vertical axis shows HbA1c decrease in percentage points, not a relative percent reduction.
- Check starting HbA1c, background medication and comparator: these affect the interpretation of a decrease.
- Select a result to inspect its population and analysis. A curve and a separate endpoint may answer different questions.
Terms in this view
- Confidence interval
- A range expressing statistical uncertainty around an estimate. It is not the range of individual patients’ outcomes. A 95% interval procedure covers the true value in about 95% of repeated studies under its assumptions. Reference
- Absolute versus relative
- A fall from 10% to 8% is 2 percentage points lower, or a 20% relative reduction. The starting value and follow-up period matter. Reference
- Treatment-policy analysis
- Estimates the effect of assigning treatment while including outcomes after specified events such as stopping treatment or using rescue medication. Missing outcomes may still require assumptions. Reference
- Efficacy / hypothetical analysis
- Often estimates what would happen if participants continued treatment without specified interruptions or rescue therapy. Check the trial definition: this differs from treatment policy and is not automatically a completers-only analysis. Reference
Figures include sources, study context and the current selection.
Type 2 diabetes trials. A decrease from 8.5% to 6.5% is 2.0 percentage points.
Absolute decreases, not comparator-adjusted differences. Starting HbA1c, background medication, and analysis vary across trials; this is not a head-to-head ranking.
Select a therapy to see starting HbA1c, background medication, comparator results, and safety.
Plotted values & sources
| Therapy / dose | Trial / weeks | Starting HbA1c | Decrease (pp) | Comparator / decrease (pp) | Background medication | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aleniglipron90 mg daily after escalation | GSBR-1290 phase 2a diabetes cohort12 weeks · Phase 2 | 7.98% | 0.84 | Placebo-0.18 (increase) | Stable metformin ≥500 mg daily | sponsor · 2023-12-18 |
| BGM050415 mg weekly after six weeks of escalation | BGM0504-IIa-T2DM18 weeks · Phase 2 | 8.27% | 2.48 | Pooled placebo-0.28 (increase) | Diet and exercise only; no antidiabetic medication within eight weeks before screening | peer-reviewed · 2026-05-31 |
| Berobenatide1.6 mg weekly after escalation | VESPER-228 weeks · Phase 2 | 8% | 2.2 | Placebo0.2 | Diet/exercise, metformin, and/or an SGLT2 inhibitor | conference · 2026-06-06 |
| CagriSema2.4/2.4 mg weekly | REIMAGINE 268 weeks · Phase 3 | 8.2% | 1.8 | Semaglutide 2.4 mg1.68 | Metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor | sponsor · 2026-06-07 |
| Cagrilintide2.4 mg weekly | REIMAGINE 268 weeks · Phase 3 | 8.2% | 1.02 | Placebo0.62 | Metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor | sponsor · 2026-06-07 |
| Ecnoglutide1.2 mg weekly | EECOH-124 weeks · Phase 3 | 8.51% | 2.43 | Placebo0.87 | Monotherapy with diet and exercise; rescue antihyperglycemic therapy allowed for persistent hyperglycemia | peer-reviewed · 2026-01-07 |
| Elecoglipron75 mg daily; dose increased every 4 weeks | SOLSTICE26 weeks · Phase 2 | 7.8% | 1.9 | Placebo0.2 | Diet/exercise alone, or stable metformin or SGLT2-inhibitor monotherapy | sponsor · 2026-06-08 |
| Enicepatide22 mg weekly after escalation | CT-388-101, cohort 1312 weeks · Phase 1 | 8.7% | 3 | Placebo0.2 | Diet/exercise alone or metformin | conference · 2025-06-20 |
| HRS-753590 mg daily after escalation | Metformin add-on study16 weeks · Phase 2 | 8.5% | 1.64 | Placebo0.25 | Stable metformin | peer-reviewed · 2026-06 |
| Liraglutide1.8 mg daily | LEAD-3 Mono52 weeks · Phase 3 | 8.2% | 1.1 | Glimepiride 8 mg daily0.5 | Monotherapy | regulatory · 2025-10 |
| MariTide420 mg every 4 weeks, without dose escalation | Obesity–diabetes cohort52 weeks · Phase 2 | 7.8% | 1.5 | Placebo-0.1 (increase) | Diet/exercise alone or stable metformin, sulfonylurea, and/or SGLT2 inhibitor | peer-reviewed · 2025-06-23 |
| Mazdutide6 mg weekly | DREAMS-228 weeks · Phase 3 | 8.22% | 1.66 | Dulaglutide 1.5 mg weekly1.36 | Metformin alone or with an SGLT2 inhibitor or sulfonylurea (published statistical analysis plan) | peer-reviewed · 2025-12-17 |
| Orforglipron36 mg daily trial capsule | ACHIEVE 352 weeks · Phase 3 | 8.3% | 1.91 | Oral semaglutide 14 mg1.47 | Metformin at least 1500 mg/day | peer-reviewed · 2026-02-26 |
| Retatrutide12 mg weekly | TRANSCEND-T2D-140 weeks · Phase 3 | 7.9% | 1.94 | Placebo0.81 | Diet and exercise only; no background antihyperglycemic drug | peer-reviewed · 2026-06-06 |
| Ribupatide4.5 mg weekly after escalation | HRS9531 phase 2 core period20 weeks · Phase 2 | 8.2% | 2.47 | Placebo0.3 | Lifestyle measures alone or stable metformin | conference · 2025-06-20 |
| Semaglutide 1 mg1 mg weekly | SUSTAIN 256 weeks · Phase 3 | 8% | 1.5 | Sitagliptin 100 mg daily0.7 | Metformin and/or thiazolidinedione | regulatory · 2026-06 |
| Semaglutide 2.4 mg2.4 mg weekly | REIMAGINE 268 weeks · Phase 3 | 8.2% | 1.68 | Placebo0.62 | Metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor | sponsor · 2026-06-07 |
| Semaglutide oral 14 mg14 mg daily | ACHIEVE 352 weeks · Phase 3 | 8.3% | 1.47 | Orforglipron 36 mg trial capsule1.91 | Metformin at least 1500 mg/day | peer-reviewed · 2026-02-26 |
| Survodutide1.8 mg twice weekly (3.6 mg total per week) | Dose-ranging study16 weeks · Phase 2 | 8.07% | 1.68 | Placebo0.15 | Stable metformin ≥1,000 mg daily | peer-reviewed · 2023-12-14 |
| Tirzepatide15 mg weekly | SURPASS-240 weeks · Phase 3 | 8.28% | 2.3 | Semaglutide 1 mg weekly1.86 | Metformin at least 1500 mg/day | peer-reviewed · 2021-06-25 |
| Zenagamtide (injection)40 mg weekly | Zenagamtide phase 2 T2D36 weeks · Phase 2 | 7.8% | 1.71 | Placebo0.14 | Metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor | sponsor · 2026-06-06 |
| Zenagamtide (oral)50 mg daily | Oral zenagamtide phase 2 T2D36 weeks · Phase 2 | Not extracted | 1.4 | PlaceboNot extracted | Metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor | peer-reviewed · 2026-07-30 |
| CagriSema 1 mgCagrilintide 1.0 mg + semaglutide 1.0 mg weekly | REIMAGINE 560 weeks · Phase 3 | 8.1% | 1.71 | Tirzepatide 5 mg weekly1.67 | Metformin, SGLT2 inhibitor, or both | sponsor · 2026-09-21 |
| EloraTZPEloralintide 9 mg + tirzepatide 15 mg once weekly, separate injections | EloraTZP phase 2b48 weeks · Phase 2b | 8.1% | 2.91 | Tirzepatide 15 mg weekly2.41 | Not extracted from the retrieved sponsor release/slides. | sponsor · 2026-09-30 |
| Eloralintide6 mg once weekly after escalation | Eloralintide monotherapy arm in EloraTZP phase 2b48 weeks · Phase 2b | 8.1% | 1.4 | Placebo0.3 | Not extracted from the retrieved sponsor release. | sponsor · 2026-09-30 |
| Retatrutide · TRIUMPH-212 mg once weekly | TRIUMPH-280 weeks · Phase 3 | 7.7% | 1.54 | Placebo0.19 | Diet/exercise alone or up to three stable oral glucose-lowering medicines; 92% used an oral medicine at baseline. | sponsor · 2026-09-30 |
What is included—and how to compare it
Selected human trials in adults with type 2 diabetes, covering the compounds in the weight-loss explorer. This is a sourced snapshot, not every dose or every global trial. HbA1c results from participants without diabetes are excluded from this comparison.
The vertical axis is absolute HbA1c reduction in percentage points: 8.5% to 6.5% is a 2.0-point fall, not a 2% relative reduction. Comparator changes are shown separately. A negative comparator reduction means HbA1c increased.
Where possible, the map uses a larger study and its main treatment-policy/regimen result; selected high-dose arms and other analyses are labeled. Baseline HbA1c, diabetes duration, background drugs, titration, and missing-data methods differ. This plot cannot establish which drug is best.
Curves reproduce only sourced visits. Hollow markers are approximate figure readings; filled markers are numerical labels or baseline references. Some curves subtract published visit means from an arm baseline, as explained beside that curve. This derived difference is not necessarily the mean of individual patient changes.
The phase marker describes the plotted trial, not the compound’s current development stage. Safety summaries are trial-specific and are not a comprehensive assessment of a drug. Missing values mean not extracted, never zero.
September 22 selective addition: REIMAGINE 5 is a lower-dose, open-label efficacy-estimand comparison. Earlier studies and all curves retain their prior source dates.
October 2 selective update: EloraTZP and eloralintide diabetes results plus TRIUMPH-2 are sourced to September 29–30 reports. Diabetes-selected weight results remain outside the non-diabetic map. Existing endpoints and curves keep their historical sources; no new curve points were extracted.
Coverage & results not yet plotted
- UBT251
A phase 2 announcement reports a maximum 2.16 pp decrease at 24 weeks (baseline 8.12%; placebo 0.66 pp), but does not identify which of the 2, 4, or 6 mg arms produced it. Awaiting dose-specific results before assigning a point.
Source - TG103 / efmedaglutide alfa
Diabetes development and a Chinese filing have been announced. An eligible absolute HbA1c result has not yet been extracted for this snapshot.
Source - Pemvidutide
Diabetes cohorts have been studied, but no suitable reported mean HbA1c change was extracted here. Separate baseline and endpoint averages are not being substituted for an adjusted trial result.
Source - ABBV-295
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - ASC30
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - Beinaglutide
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - Bofanglutide
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - Conveglipron
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - CT-996
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - Efsubaglutide alfa
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - HRS-4729 (KAI-4729)
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - Petrelintide
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - Poterepatide
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - RAY1225
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - VK2735
No eligible absolute HbA1c result from a type 2 diabetes population extracted in this snapshot. This does not imply that no diabetes study exists.
Source - Petrelintide · ZUPREME-2 diabetes cohort
October 7 ZUPREME-2 topline in type 2 diabetes (28 weeks) reports efficacy-estimand weight loss 7.4–9.2% versus 2.0% and maximum absolute HbA1c reduction 0.65 percentage points versus a 0.23-point placebo increase. Dose-to-result mapping, arm sizes and intervals are missing, so no dose-specific point or curve is plotted. Registry 221 actual participants differs from sponsor 220. The earlier non-diabetic ZUPREME-1 evidence remains unchanged.
Source