GLP-1 and related metabolic therapies

Source date: 2026-10-26. Recorded in this review: October 27, 2026.

Regeneron's Phase 3 NCT07896265 plans 3,000 adults without diabetes who have obesity, or overweight plus a weight-related comorbidity. Olatorepatide (HS-20094) is a GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist. The randomized, quadruple-masked protocol lists three active dose groups and two placebo groups, with percentage body-weight change at 72 weeks as the primary endpoint. Numeric dose amounts are not public in the record.

Status is not yet recruiting. Estimated dates are November 18, 2026 for start, December 19, 2028 for primary completion and January 23, 2029 for final completion. This supplies a concrete protocol behind an earlier 2026 Phase 3 plan; it is not a new weight-loss result or proof of comparative superiority.

U.S. status: Investigational; no U.S. marketing approval established.

Next milestones: Olatorepatide Phase 3 estimated start: 2026-11-18 (Registry estimate); Olatorepatide primary completion: 2028-12-19 (Registry estimate).

Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07896265; sec.gov · source page.

Source date: 2026-10-23. Recorded in this review: October 27, 2026.

Two newly public records describe Ascletis's ASC36 peptide amylin-receptor agonist, distinct from GLP-1 mimetics and from the small-molecule ASC39 program. Both are masked, randomized, placebo-controlled single/multiple-ascending-dose studies in adults with overweight or obesity, focused on adverse events and pharmacokinetics, with weight measurements as secondary outcomes.

Oral tablets: NCT07893106, planned n=86, lists an actual October 13, 2026 start and recruiting status; primary/final completion is estimated April 2027. Two injectable formulations: NCT07893093, planned n=144, lists an actual September 28, 2026 start and recruiting status; primary/final completion is estimated June 2027. Both records were first posted October 23. Public registration does not supply outcome data or establish a durable monthly/quarterly regimen, tolerability advantage or approval.

U.S. status: Investigational U.S. human studies; not approved obesity therapies.

Next milestones: Oral ASC36 primary completion: 2027-04 (Registry estimate); Injectable ASC36 primary completion: 2027-06 (Registry estimate).

Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07893106; ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07893093.

Source date: 2026-10-25. Recorded in this review: October 27, 2026.

Ascletis announced submission of an FDA IND for ASC39, an oral small-molecule selective amylin-receptor agonist, and forecasts Phase 1 initiation in Q4 2026. ASC39 is distinct from its ASC36 peptide program. The planned human-stage development is in scope, but the release's selectivity and efficacy comparisons come from assays/animal work rather than human outcomes.

Submission does not mean IND clearance, trial registration, recruitment, first dosing or approval. No human efficacy, safety or exact readout date was verified. Combination development with ASC30 is a plan, not an established combination treatment.

U.S. status: IND submission only; not approved.

Next milestones: ASC39 Phase 1 initiation: 2026-Q4 (Sponsor forecast); ASC39 IND clearance, registration and first dosing: date unknown (Not verified).

Sources: PR Newswire · news release.

Source date: 2026-10-27. Recorded in this review: October 27, 2026.

Copenhagen/Gentofte investigators registered NCT07897383, an 18-person randomized, double-blind crossover study in adults with overweight/obesity and elevated body fat. Two 24-hour visits, at least seven days apart, compare continuous IV LEAP2 at 40 pmol/kg/min against placebo.

LEAP2 is an endogenous competitive antagonist/inverse agonist of the ghrelin receptor (GHSR), not an incretin mimetic. The primary outcome is 24-hour ad-libitum energy intake, with glucose, appetite, gastric emptying, hormones and cardiovascular measurements secondary. This is a short mechanistic study, not a chronic weight-loss trial or a practical outpatient regimen.

The record is not yet recruiting, with November 30, 2026 estimated start and August 1, 2027 estimated primary/final completion. No human outcomes or safety advantage are established by this registration.

U.S. status: Investigational; no U.S. obesity approval.

Next milestones: LEAP2 estimated study start: 2026-11-30 (Registry estimate); LEAP2 primary completion: 2027-08-01 (Registry estimate).

Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07897383.

Source date: 2026-10-26. Recorded in this review: October 27, 2026.

The BARI-STEP / NCT05073835 registry posted results for 70 adults who had lost <20% of starting weight at least one year after gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. The investigator trial randomized 35/35 to semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly or placebo, both with lifestyle support, for 68 weeks. The study itself ended April 9, 2025; this is newly posted older-study evidence.

Available primary measurements were 34/35 versus 29/35. Mean weight changes were −18.0% (SD 9.2) versus +0.4% (SD 7.0). The adjusted regression contrast was −19.1 percentage points (95% CI −23.4 to −14.8), p<.001; it is not the simple difference between rounded raw means. Although called intention-to-treat in the record, the stated analysis excludes withdrawals/loss to follow-up, so missing data and differential attrition matter.

Serious adverse events affected 3/35 versus 8/35; nonserious events affected 34/35 versus 33/35, with no deaths. These small counts do not establish a safety advantage. The selected postsurgical population cannot be substituted for a general obesity estimate or compared naively against other drugs' pivotal trials.

U.S. status: Semaglutide has existing U.S. indications; this registry posting is not a new FDA approval.

Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT05073835.

Source date: unknown; verified October 27, 2026. Recorded in this review: October 27, 2026.

Verification-only follow-up on October 27, not a newly dated clinical event. Lilly's AMPLIFY-2 participant page displays ENROLLING, while AMPLIFY-1 displays NOT YET ENROLLING. The current ClinicalTrials.gov records NCT07881458 and NCT07881432 still say not yet recruiting, with their last posted update October 19. Displayed sponsor/registry recruitment status therefore differs; neither establishes a verified first dose.

Public records still describe multiple dose groups without exact component amounts or escalation schedules. There is no newly public numeric Phase 3 dose regimen, trial outcome or tolerability evidence to infer. Preserve the November/December 2026 registry start estimates and their uncertainty, and use the sponsor's contact process for current site-specific screening status.

U.S. status: EloraTZP remains investigational.

Date precision: Original source date not established; checked October 27, 2026. This is a verification date, not a new publication date.

Sources: trials.lilly.com · source page; trials.lilly.com · source page; ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07881458; ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07881432.

Source date: 2026-10-26. Recorded in this review: October 27, 2026.

NCT07896109 plans 121 healthy participants and participants with type 2 diabetes in a randomized, masked single/multiple-ascending-dose trial of NNC9836-0001. Primary endpoints are treatment-emergent adverse events through 26 weeks after single dosing and 34 weeks after multiple dosing, with exposure/PK outcomes secondary.

The record does not establish its receptor mechanism; it must not be described as a GLP-1, amylin, insulin or other specific agonist without a primary disclosure. The record is not yet recruiting despite an estimated October 21, 2026 start that predates its October 26 first public posting. Primary/final completion is estimated July 26, 2028. No human efficacy or safety results are public in this record.

U.S. status: Investigational; no marketing approval established.

Next milestones: NNC9836-0001 actual start: date unknown (October 21 registry estimate elapsed; unverified); NNC9836-0001 primary completion: 2028-07-26 (Registry estimate).

Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07896109.

Related findings, recorded once: Semaglutide T1D study will measure lean tissue and function separately (primary source); Dedicated retatrutide OSA paper reports 80-week AHI reductions (primary source).

Coverage and remaining gaps: Focused partial review; all pages of specified ClinicalTrials.gov discovery retrieved and selected relevant records appraised. Worldwide full-topic review and baseline completion are NOT claimed.. Focused partial appraisal only. Complete ClinicalTrials.gov query retrieval is not exhaustive worldwide evidence review; independent non-U.S. registries, full conference audio/slides, all publications and a complete holds/discontinuations/harms census remain incomplete. Do not advance full successful-check timestamps or sleep baseline-complete flags.; EloraTZP exact doses/escalation and first dosing remain unpublic/unverified; sponsor/registry recruitment disagreement preserved.; Full EASD slide/audio follow-up and every new protocol not appraised. LY4167586 NCT07881887 and NKS-3 NCT07882654 remain leads; NKS-3 is modified-linoleic-acid fat-taste receptor research, not an incretin.; Semaglutide BARI-STEP registry calls an attrition-excluding population intention-to-treat; retain ambiguity rather than repair it.

Informal-source coverage: Targeted original Reddit and sponsor/interview lead searches sampled, not a complete podcast/transcript census. Re-read NoMoreFatShame ENLIGHTEN-6 account (October9 saved source; original accessible) and SOLIS-1 noargentinianbeef account (October8 saved source; previously inaccessible original now accessible). They describe appetite/sleep/skin/GI/fatigue experiences, with blinded assignment/dose and causality unverified. The SOLIS thread has a relative-age reply claiming severe fatigue on DACRA alone; exact posting date and treatment attribution were not independently established, so no new generalized safety alert. No validated efficacy, dose or approval rumor promoted.

Full coverage record.

Lilly first posted AMPLIFY-1 (NCT07881432) and AMPLIFY-2 (NCT07881458) on October 19. Both are randomized phase 3 trials of the subcutaneous EloraTZP coformulation, with percentage weight change at 100 weeks as the primary outcome. AMPLIFY-1 plans 2,115 adults with BMI at least 35 without diabetes, testing five combination dose levels against tirzepatide, eloralintide and placebo. AMPLIFY-2 plans 1,000 adults with BMI at least 27 and type 2 diabetes, comparing EloraTZP with tirzepatide; HbA1c is among secondary outcomes. Dose amounts and escalation schedules were not disclosed in these records.

Both records were not yet recruiting on October 20. Estimated starts are November 2026 for AMPLIFY-2 and December 2026 for AMPLIFY-1; both list primary completion in October 2029 and final completion in November 2029. These are registry estimates, not confirmed dosing or readouts. Registration makes the previously announced phase 3 plan concrete; it does not resolve the tolerability question raised by the earlier phase 2b discontinuation results. No new phase 3 efficacy, safety or U.S. approval is established.

Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07881432; ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07881458.

Structure announced October 19 that aleniglipron (GSBR-1290), its investigational oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, will feature in ACCESS open-label extension and dose-ranging presentations at ObesityWeek on November 15, 2026, 2:30–3:30 p.m. Eastern. The announcement supplies a presentation window, not new efficacy or adverse-event results. Extension participants are selected follow-up populations, so eventual extension percentages should not be ranked directly against randomized pivotal trials without preserving population and estimand. This is separate from the ACCOMPLISH phase 3 program. No new U.S. approval or availability is established.

Sources: ir.structuretx.com · news release.

Coverage and remaining gaps: Focused incomplete coverage. All pages of the specified ClinicalTrials.gov discovery query and saved named records were retrieved on 2026-10-20; retrieval is not exhaustive appraisal of every record or worldwide evidence. Do not advance full successful-check timestamps. Original source dates remain unchanged. Independent non-US registries, complete conference tables/audio, and a comprehensive harms/discontinuation census remain incomplete.; ClinicalTrials.gov discovery: 930 records across 10 retrieved pages; final retrieval errors: []. Named records also retrieved successfully.; Sleep incomplete baselines used 90-day context through October 20; other topics used the last full successful check minus seven days. Earlier October 16 focused checks did not reset that window.; New-record leads LY4167586 NCT07881887 and NKS3 NCT07882654 were discovered October 20 but mechanism/development context is not fully appraised. Do not call NKS3 an incretin; its record describes modified-linoleic-acid fat-taste receptor activity. No results incorporated.; October 23 was a bounded source follow-up only; broad registry discovery remains the October 20 snapshot. No full successful check is claimed.

Informal-source coverage: Original informal sources were sampled on October 20; not a comprehensive podcast, social-media, or anonymous-source search. Reposts were not treated as independent confirmation. No resolved claim was inferred from source silence. Re-read October 9 Eloralintide trial thread; appetite/skin/sleep accounts unchanged. SOLIS-1 original remained inaccessible. Near-30%/future-combination/titration forecasts remain unconfirmed; AMPLIFY registration does not confirm efficacy rumors. October 21 Reddit AMPLIFY repost links the same official protocols and is not independent confirmation.

Full coverage record.

October 14 sponsor announcement, checked against October 16 registries. Viking announces initiation of oral VK2735’s SUNRISE Phase 3 program. SUNRISE-1 (NCT07868835) and SUNRISE-2 (NCT07868939) each plan 560 adults, without and with type 2 diabetes respectively, comparing daily 27.5, 35 or 55 mg with placebo for 68 weeks.

Both records still say not yet recruiting, with estimated starts now November 2026, replacing October 15/16 estimates. The announcement does not identify a first participant dosed; program initiation and confirmed treatment start remain separate. Primary completion estimates remain July 2028 and October 2028, respectively. No Phase 3 results or U.S. approval.

Separate maintenance-study correction: The same October 14 release expressly corrects its October 6 announcement: maintenance options are daily oral doses, monthly or every-other-week subcutaneous doses, or placebo—the earlier “weekly oral” wording was erroneous. That approximately 195-person Part 2 study follows 21 weeks of initial weekly injections through week 33; the sponsor forecasts results in 2027, without a quarter. This is a study plan, not demonstrated maintenance efficacy.

Sources: ir.vikingtherapeutics.com · source page; ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07868835; ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07868939; ir.vikingtherapeutics.com · source page.

NCT07868354 / NN9490-8554, October 16 update. Novo Nordisk’s planned 60-person Phase 1 open-label sequential study now says recruiting and records October 8, 2026 as actual start, replacing the previously unverified estimated start.

Adults with overweight/obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes, switch from maintenance tirzepatide to weekly subcutaneous zenagamtide. Primary is the number of treatment-emergent adverse events from the first zenagamtide dose through day 57; pharmacokinetics are secondary. This is not concurrent treatment with both medicines or a randomized weight-loss comparison against continued tirzepatide.

No results or adverse-event rates are posted. Estimated primary/final completion remains September 7, 2028, without an announced publication date. Zenagamtide remains investigational in the U.S.; recruitment/start confirmation does not establish safety or approval.

Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07868354.

NCT07876518 / C6541002, first posted October 15. Pfizer plans 150 adults aged 18–70, BMI 25–40, in a randomized participant/investigator-masked, sponsor-open Phase 1 study of subcutaneous PF-08656795 (MET-815i) versus placebo. The arms specify monthly or less frequent dosing.

The sponsor’s earlier pipeline identifies MET-815i as a GLP-1 receptor agonist prodrug of MET-097i, the program now called berobenatide. This is a newly public multiple-dose protocol, not proof that the compound has only just entered human development.

Primary is adverse-event incidence through 12 weeks after the last dose; pharmacokinetics are secondary. It does not supply an efficacy estimate, prove a dosing interval maintains weight loss, or establish long-term safety. The record is not yet recruiting, with October 30, 2026 estimated start and November 16, 2028 estimated primary/final completion. No results; U.S. use remains investigational.

Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07876518; cdn.pfizer.com · PDF document; pfizer.com · source page.

Remaining gaps: Read current canonical scope, shared summaries, state and assigned topic notes. Bounded registry discovery covered September 5–October 16, 2026; prior October 13 findings were deduplicated. Full-topic successful-check dates remain unchanged.; Retrieved all 886 records across 9 pages of the bounded ClinicalTrials.gov query, plus 23 named records. Selected relevant new/changed protocols were appraised; downloading all records does not establish exhaustive safety/results review.; Europe PMC original-literature discovery failed with HTTP 503 for this topic. Targeted primary-source web searches supplied a partial fallback. Worldwide literature, regulators, international registries and complete original conference/podcast recordings remain incomplete.; SUNRISE sponsor initiation versus registry pending status was reconciled explicitly. Zenagamtide switching records were compared with October 13 snapshots. Other formulation/PK, body-composition and pediatric entries were screened selectively; routine registry edits were not promoted. Full international entrants, all holds/harms and original EASD discussion remain incomplete.

Informal-source coverage: Reopened original October 9 ENLIGHTEN-6 weekly thread: the saved appetite/skin/sleep account persists, without independent identity or causality verification; no repeat alert. SOLIS-1 direct thread retrieval again failed, so no status confirmation or retraction was inferred. Near-30% EloraTZP and future combination/titration/date claims remain unconfirmed. Wider EASD/Q&A/podcast source-chain review incomplete.

Full coverage record.

Published September 29; newly appraised October 13 — ZUPREME-1, NCT06662539. This 42-week randomized placebo-controlled trial enrolled adults without type 2 diabetes. Of 493 randomized, 485 received treatment; mean BMI was 36.7 and 86% were White. Week-28 efficacy-estimand weight changes (95% CI) were:

Nausea occurred in 79/404 active versus 5/81 placebo; vomiting 12/404 versus 5/81. No deaths were reported. Missing-data analyses assumed missing at random. These estimates do not establish superior tolerability to another drug or supply full safety tables. Petrelintide remains investigational; this is not the diabetes ZUPREME-2 readout.

Sources: PubMed · PMID 42810355; ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT06662539.

NCT07871409, first posted October 13. Amgen plans a Phase 3 open-label single-group study in 230 adults with overweight/obesity receiving subcutaneous maridebart cafraglutide (MariTide). The co-primary endpoints are successful delivery of a full dose at home at weeks 12, 16 and 20, using attempted-injection and all-entering-home-phase denominators separately.

This tests delivery/usability; its Phase 3 label does not make it a randomized efficacy or cardiovascular-outcomes study. Safety and drug/device experience are additional considerations; no results are posted. Status is not yet recruiting. Start October 28, 2026, primary completion June 16, 2027, final completion September 8, 2027 are registry estimates. MariTide remains investigational in the U.S.; no commercial device availability follows from registration.

Sources: ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07871409.

Baseline program recovery, checked October 13 — SELENE-3, NCT07776509 / D8750C00011. AstraZeneca's randomized double-blind Phase 3 trial plans 500 adults with obesity/overweight and a related comorbidity, with or without type 2 diabetes. Weekly subcutaneous lenbelintide (AZD6234) or matching placebo is added to a stable background incretin medication.

Primary is percentage body-weight change at 68 weeks. Eligibility requires a stable incretin dose for at least three months and weight change no more than 3% during three months before randomization. This is an add-on/plateau population, not a trial starting both drugs together in untreated participants; it does not establish efficacy or superiority to EloraTZP.

The sponsor page and September 25 registry say recruiting, actual start August 24, 2026, estimated primary/final completion August 9, 2028. No results. U.S. use is investigational. A Reddit recruitment lead led to this primary protocol; source recovery does not make August initiation new October news.

Sources: AZD6234 development update; ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT07776509.

Remaining gaps: Read current canonical scope, shared summaries/state and assigned topic notes. September 5–October 13 overlap preserves the September 12 full-review dates; October 6/9 entries were deduplicated. All pages of each bounded ClinicalTrials.gov query were downloaded, and named records plus selected relevant new/changed protocols were appraised. This is focused partial review, not a worldwide full literature/regulator/safety census; successful full-topic dates must remain unchanged.; Bounded query retrieved 804 records across 9 pages; incidental studies excluded. Named topic records refreshed: 20. Full older evidence, international registries, comprehensive harms and all original conference/podcast recordings remain gaps.

Informal-source coverage: Opened original October 9 ENLIGHTEN-6 weekly thread and permalink, selecting clearly unconfirmed symptoms. October 11/12 discussion contains speculation about slower titration, future EloraTZP/retatrutide combinations and access dates; none is a sponsor commitment. SOLIS-1 original direct fetch failed again; official record now active-not-recruiting with 940 actual participants, but that does not validate the saved anonymous symptoms. Prior near-30% EloraTZP rumor remains unconfirmed; no new matching source recovered. Full original EASD/Q&A/audio still incomplete.

Full coverage record.

October 7 sponsor topline — ZUPREME-2, NCT06926842. In U.S. adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes, mean baseline BMI was 36.3 and HbA1c 8.0%. The release reports 220 participants; the registry lists 221 actual participants, an unresolved denominator difference. Weekly subcutaneous petrelintide, an amylin analogue, was tested against placebo on background metformin with/without an SGLT2 inhibitor, diet and activity.

At week 28, efficacy-estimand weight loss was 7.4–9.2% versus 2.0%. Maximum absolute HbA1c reduction was 0.65 percentage points, versus a 0.23-point increase with placebo; placebo-adjusted reductions ranged from 0.61 to 0.88 points. No per-dose mapping, arm sizes, confidence intervals or exact p-values were released. Treatment-regimen estimates were called largely consistent without numerical values.

GI-related treatment discontinuation was 1.9% pooled active versus 1.7% placebo; this is not the overall adverse-event rate. Detailed harms and longer-term outcomes remain pending. Petrelintide is investigational in the U.S. Full results are forecast for an undated conference.

Sources: Primary source 1; Primary source 2.

Development status, not a new efficacy result. Zealand's October 7 release confirms that the first participants have received treatment in its phase 3 program with Roche. Current protocols plan approximately 7,000 participants:

• ZUPREME-3, NCT07843498: 3,900 adults without type 2 diabetes; recruiting, actual start September 30, 2026. Estimated primary completion December 21, 2028; final March 22, 2029.
• ZUPREME-4, NCT07843485: 600 adults with type 2 diabetes; recruiting. September 30 remains an estimated start in this individual registry, so do not call it an independently verified actual dosing date. Estimated primary completion October 20, 2028; final January 19, 2029.
• ZUPREME-5, NCT07843472: 2,500 adults with established cardiovascular disease; recruiting, actual start September 30, 2026. Estimated primary completion July 28, 2030; final October 6, 2030.

Each compares weekly subcutaneous petrelintide with placebo and uses 64-week body-weight change as primary. ZUPREME-5's cardiovascular population does not make this a cardiovascular-event-primary trial. Enrollment counts and completion dates are plans, not promised results. No posted results; U.S. use remains investigational.

Sources: Primary source 1; Primary source 2; Primary source 3; Primary source 4.

New registrations, first posted October 9 — not actual starts. Viking's once-daily oral GLP-1/GIP agonist VK2735 enters registered phase 3 plans:

• SUNRISE-1 / NCT07868835: 560 adults without type 2 diabetes, obese or overweight with a weight-related comorbidity. Estimated start October 15, 2026; primary completion July 2028, final August 2028.
• SUNRISE-2 / NCT07868939: 560 adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. Estimated start October 16, 2026; primary completion October 2028, final December 2028.

Both are randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials of 27.5, 35 or 55 mg daily oral VK2735, with percentage body-weight change at 68 weeks primary. Both currently say not yet recruiting, have no results, and are distinct from the injectable VANQUISH program. VK2735 remains investigational; registration does not establish safety, efficacy, U.S. approval or actual initiation.

Sources: Primary source 1; Primary source 2.

NCT07868354 / NN9490-8554, first posted October 9. Novo Nordisk plans a phase 1 open-label sequential study in 60 adults with overweight/obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes, taking maintenance tirzepatide. Participants switch from weekly subcutaneous tirzepatide to weekly subcutaneous zenagamtide.

The primary endpoint is the number of treatment-emergent adverse events from the first zenagamtide dose through day 57; pharmacokinetics are secondary. The design has no randomized continuing-tirzepatide comparator and does not test giving the two drugs together or establish which produces more weight loss. No results are posted.

Status remains not yet recruiting despite an estimated October 8, 2026 start, an elapsed plan rather than a verified start. Estimated primary/final completion is September 7, 2028; no public-result date is announced. Zenagamtide remains investigational in the U.S.

Sources: Primary source 1.

Remaining gaps: Window: September 5–October 9, 2026, retaining the seven-day overlap from the last full successful check on September 12. October 6 findings were deduplicated.; 93 named NCT records across the ten topics and ten discovery queries downloaded successfully through the ClinicalTrials.gov public API. Download is not a claim that all fields/safety/results were exhaustively appraised.; Focused review only. Do not advance full successful-check timestamps or label incomplete remaining searches as no news.; GLP1 broad discovery returned 767 records; first 100 downloaded; selected relevant records screened; pagination and a worldwide entrant, safety/hold, formulation/approval census remain incomplete. Raw named records refreshed without treating routine edits as news. Root owns October 1 COURAGE; cross-link rather than duplicate. ZUPREME-2 exact dose mapping and complete harms/estimand tables unreleased.

Informal-source coverage: Oct8 original SOLIS-1 self-report and Oct9 comments retrieved through indexed original thread after direct fetch failure. Pfizer official study page independently matches GLP-1+dual amylin/calcitonin mechanism, but patient identity, allocation and causal attribution cannot be verified. Prior EloraTZP near-30% rumor remains unconfirmed; no new formal matching readout recovered. Full EASD/podcast audio and source-chain census remain incomplete.

Full coverage record.

Source/event date: September 29, 2026. Evidence: peer-reviewed randomized phase 3 primary abstract. TRIUMPH-1 (NCT05929066) randomized 2,339 adults with obesity without diabetes for 80 weeks. Treatment-regimen weight loss was 17.6%, 23.7% and 25.0% at 4, 9 and 12 mg versus 3.9% with placebo; adjusted differences for 9/12 mg were −19.8/−21.0 percentage points (both P<.001). These weight estimates were already in the sponsor baseline.

The publication adds 243-participant OSA and 574-participant knee-OA substudies. OSA intention-to-treat AHI changes were −22.8/−34.3/−32.1 versus −9.6 events/hour; adjusted 9/12-mg differences were −24.7/−22.5 (both P<.001). OA intention-to-treat pain differences were −1.4/−1.6 points (both P<.001). AHI is not cardiovascular benefit; pain is not cartilage repair. GI adverse events were most common. Full paper/supplements and confidence intervals were unavailable. The indexed hybrid-AHI paragraph has a sign inconsistency; it is not silently corrected. Retatrutide remains investigational. Next: full safety/supplement appraisal; no new approval date.

PubMed · PMID 42814954 · publication

Source/event date: 2026-09-30. Evidence: Sponsor-reported randomized phase 2b conference results.

NCT06603571 randomized 367 adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. At 48 weeks, eloralintide 9 mg plus tirzepatide 15 mg produced 23.3% mean weight loss versus 14.8% with tirzepatide 15 mg and 3.0% with placebo. These are efficacy-estimand estimates assuming continued treatment; placebo comparison was primary and tirzepatide comparison secondary. From mean A1c 8.1%, the slides report decreases of 2.91, 2.41 and 0.29 percentage points, respectively. Eloralintide alone at 6 mg reduced A1c 1.4 points in the rounded release table.

Adverse-event discontinuation was 27.0% in the high-dose combination versus 2.9% with tirzepatide and 16.7% with placebo; combination arms ranged 10.8–27.0%. Slides report nausea 49% and vomiting 24% for the high-dose combination. No confidence intervals were supplied in the release. The trial used separate injections; a co-formulated AMPLIFY phase 3 program with revised escalation is planned for Q4 2026, not verified started. The combination remains investigational. Diabetes-population weight results should not be ranked directly against trials excluding diabetes.

Next milestone: AMPLIFY phase 3 initiation in Q4 2026 — sponsor forecast; confirm registry and first dosing.

Lilly · news release; Lilly EASD 2026 analyst slides; ClinicalTrials.gov · NCT06603571.

Source/event date: 2026-09-29. Evidence: Peer-reviewed primary abstract plus sponsor conference disclosure.

The Lancet report of TRIUMPH-2 (NCT05929079; 1,152 adults with obesity/overweight and type 2 diabetes) reports 80-week treatment-regimen weight loss of 11.9%, 16.8% and 18.8% with retatrutide 4, 9 and 12 mg versus 5.1% with placebo. For 12 mg, the placebo-adjusted difference was −13.8 percentage points (95% CI −15.8 to −11.8). This analysis includes treatment discontinuation; the earlier 20.8% headline is a different, efficacy estimand. Baseline A1c was 7.71%; 92% used oral glucose-lowering medication.

Permanent discontinuation for adverse events or death was 4%, 12% and 8% versus 5%. Gastrointestinal events, hypotension and altered skin sensation were more frequent with retatrutide. Six deaths occurred across retatrutide arms and one on placebo; investigators considered all unrelated. A small number of deaths cannot establish long-term mortality safety. Sponsor slides give efficacy-estimand A1c decreases of 1.41, 1.63 and 1.54 points versus 0.19; these should not be mixed with treatment-regimen weight estimates. Retatrutide remains investigational; no direct comparison with tirzepatide or semaglutide occurred in this trial.

Next milestone: Further comparative and cardiovascular-outcome trials remain separate; no approval date established here.

PubMed · PMID 42810372; Lilly · news release; Lilly EASD 2026 analyst slides.

Related findings:

• CBL-514 human MRI subgroup suggests visceral-fat reduction.

Source date: 2026-09-29. Evidence: Sponsor development announcement and primary trial registry.

Hengrui and Novo announced development rights for an oral dual agonist intended for weekly dosing; human efficacy is not established. NCT07841860 / HRS-1596-101 was first posted September 25: Phase 1, randomized placebo-controlled dose escalation, 122 planned healthy or obese adults, one Chinese site. Primary endpoint is adverse-event incidence/severity through day 84.

Limitations: Registry remains NOT_YET_RECRUITING. September 2026 is an estimated start month, not proof of dosing. China permission to initiate research is not marketing approval.

Safety: No human safety results posted.

U.S. status: Investigational; no U.S. approval.

Next milestone: Registry estimates: primary completion December 2026; final completion May 2027. Global trial timing unannounced.

Hengrui September 29 announcement; HRS-1596 primary registry.

Source date: 2026-09-29. Evidence: Sponsor-reported conference indirect comparison.

A new comparison uses separate SURMOUNT-1 and STEP UP trials, not randomization between tirzepatide and semaglutide 7.2 mg. At 72 weeks, treatment-regimen differences favored tirzepatide 15 mg by 4.5 percentage points (95% credible interval −6.3 to −2.8) and 10 mg by 3.2 points (−5.0 to −1.4). Efficacy-estimand differences were −1.8 (−3.8 to 0.1) and −0.7 (−2.6 to 1.3), both compatible with no difference.

Limitations: Adjusted for sex, age, initial weight and A1c; residual cross-trial differences remain. Credible intervals are not confidence intervals. Do not present as a new head-to-head trial or add to randomized endpoint plots.

Safety: Sponsor describes comparable AE discontinuation without arm-level rates in this release; this does not establish equivalent overall safety.

U.S. status: Both branded injections have U.S. obesity indications; this analysis creates no new indication.

Next milestone: Full methods and independent appraisal; no new trial milestone announced.

Lilly EASD indirect comparison.

Source date: 2026-09-29. Evidence: Sponsor-reported conference indirect comparison.

A covariate-adjusted indirect analysis compares orforglipron 17.2 mg against oral semaglutide 25 mg in adults with type 2 diabetes. Using ACHIEVE-3 and PIONEER PLUS, week-52 efficacy/trial-product estimands favored orforglipron by 1.5 percentage points of weight change (95% CI −2.7 to −0.2) and 0.3 percentage points of HbA1c (−0.6 to −0.1).

Limitations: This is not the ACHIEVE-3 randomized comparison against oral semaglutide 14 mg. Cross-study assumptions and treatment-adherent estimands limit causal interpretation.

Safety: No new comparative numerical adverse-event analysis in the announcement.

U.S. status: Foundayo is U.S.-approved for adult weight management; diabetes remains an investigational indication in the reviewed release. Oral semaglutide 25 mg is not U.S.-approved for diabetes in that release.

Next milestone: Full comparative methods and indication-specific regulatory updates; no new decision date.

Lilly September 29 oral-drug comparison.

Correction verified September 29: Onswik was approved September 23, and announced September 24. The earlier entry used the announcement date as the approval date; its stable event key is preserved. This is a correction, not another approval.

Awiqli was the first U.S. weekly basal insulin, approved March 26 and announced available August 11. Onswik is the second; as checked September 29 the sponsor still forecasts availability in coming months. Neither replaces mealtime insulin. Medicare $35-or-less monthly insulin cap applies only when the particular Part D plan covers the product; no nationwide or individual-plan coverage is established here.

FDA original Awiqli approval package; Novo U.S. homepage links August 11 launch release; Onswik HCP launch FAQ; Awiqli conditional Medicare coverage; Medicare covered-insulin rules.

Related findings:

• Claims-data analysis compares semaglutide escalation with tirzepatide switching.
• Singapore adds a Wegovy indication for noncirrhotic MASH.

Source date: 2026-09-22. Event date: 2026-09-22. Evidence: Sponsor topline announcement.

Roche reports glycemic and weight reductions in 447 adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity. CT-388-104 / NCT06628362: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled. At 24 mg, reported week-48 HbA1c change was −2.65 percentage points from 8.1%; weight change −15.5%.

Limitations: Placebo magnitudes, intervals, estimand and arm denominators withheld. June 24 registry still specifies week-36 co-primary endpoints, whereas the release calls them week-48: unresolved source discrepancy. On-treatment normal HbA1c is not diabetes remission.

Safety: AE discontinuation: 2.0% pooled enicepatide versus 0% placebo; predominantly mild/moderate gastrointestinal events. Detailed serious-event table unavailable.

U.S. status: Investigational; no U.S. approval.

Next milestone: Phase 3 glycemic-control program and cardiovascular-outcomes trials planned H1 2027; ENITH-1/2 obesity studies ongoing.

Roche September 22 topline; CT-388-104 original registry.

Source date: 2026-09-24. Event date: 2026-09-24. Evidence: FDA regulatory action.

Onswik (insulin efsitora alfa-gobe) adds a weekly basal-insulin option for adults with type 2 diabetes. Four randomized open-label active-controlled QWINT trials in over 3,400 adults found noninferior HbA1c reductions versus daily glargine or degludec. This is insulin, not an incretin or weight-loss medicine.

Limitations: Approval does not establish superior complication prevention or immediate pharmacy stock. FDA identifies it as the second approved weekly insulin.

Safety: Hypoglycemia, dosing errors/overdose and weight gain matter. Not recommended for type 1 diabetes because of increased severe-hypoglycemia risk.

U.S. status: FDA-approved for adult type 2 diabetes with diet and exercise.

Next milestone: Lilly forecasts U.S. KwikPen availability in coming months; exact launch unannounced.

FDA once-weekly insulin approval; Lilly approval and launch forecast.

Source date: 2026-09-17. Event date: 2026-09-17. Evidence: Peer-reviewed randomized trial; primary abstract reviewed.

A 120-participant Chinese trial reports substantial 24-week weight loss with the dual GLP-1/GIP agonist. NCT06973681 / CTR20233198: randomized 1:1:1:1 to 5, 10, 15 mg or placebo. Mean weight changes −10.68%, −16.07%, −18.33% and +0.13%, respectively (all active comparisons p<0.0001).

Limitations: Previously disclosed results now published; not a new trial start. Abstract lacks intervals/estimand. Trial completed September 2024; ClinicalTrials.gov first posted May 2025, after completion. Chinese registry registration timing not verified.

Safety: TEAEs: 96.7%, 93.5%, 100%, 86.7%; gastrointestinal effects common. One SAE in 10-mg arm; no TEAE-related withdrawal. Arm denominators require full paper rather than inferred equal n.

U.S. status: Investigational in U.S.

Next milestone: Longer Phase 3 results and full-paper appraisal; no next verified public date.

BGM0504 primary PubMed abstract; Original journal article; BGM0504 registry.

Related findings:

• BELIEVE abstract describes six months after treatment withdrawal.

Source date: 2026-09-22. Event date: 2026-09-22. Evidence: Sponsor topline announcement.

Following 21 weeks of weekly induction, every-other-week and monthly injections preserved more of the initial weight loss over 12 weeks than withdrawal to placebo. VK2735-102 was a randomized, double-blind study in approximately 180 adults with obesity. Combined every-other-week efficacy arms (n=37) retained 90% of prior loss; monthly (n=65) retained 85%; placebo (n=27), 61%. A continued-weekly 17.5 mg subgroup (n=13) lost 21.7% from baseline by week 33.

Limitations: Sponsor-only exploratory weight endpoint, small selected maintenance cohorts and short follow-up; retention is not percentage body-weight loss. Highest monthly arm excluded an outlier; including it changes that arm's retention from 85% to 99%. No confidence intervals or verified NCT match recovered.

Safety: Maintenance TEAEs: 14/37 every-other-week, 32/66 monthly, 14/27 placebo; AE discontinuations 1/37, 1/66, 0/27. Induction-selected tolerability cannot establish comparative long-term safety.

U.S. status: Investigational for this use; no new U.S. approval.

Next milestone: Oral maintenance part 2 planned; date unverified. Prior Q3 maintenance forecast fulfilled.

Viking September 22 maintenance topline.

Source date: 2026-09-21. Event date: 2026-09-21. Evidence: Sponsor topline announcement.

REIMAGINE 5 reported greater weight reduction and noninferior HbA1c reduction with CagriSema 1.0/1.0 mg versus tirzepatide 5 mg. Phase 3 randomized open-label trial NCT06534411, 1,023 actual participants with type 2 diabetes and BMI ≥30 on metformin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, or both. At 60 weeks, efficacy-estimand weight change was −12.42% versus −9.12%; HbA1c change −1.71 versus −1.67 percentage points. Mean baseline HbA1c 8.1%, BMI 37.2.

Limitations: Low-dose comparison, not versus tirzepatide 15 mg. No treatment-policy estimates, CIs or noninferiority margin recovered; no clinical-complication outcome. Do not supersede the different REDEFINE 4 comparison.

Safety: Sponsor characterized tolerability as consistent with previous trials; detailed arm-level AE/SAE rates not provided in retrieved release or slide.

U.S. status: Investigational for this use; no new U.S. approval.

Next milestone: CagriSema U.S. weight-management decision forecast Q4 2026; REDEFINE 3 CVOT forecast H2 2027.

Novo September 21 release; Novo Diabetes CMD, slide 9; NCT06534411 registry.

Source date: 2026-09-21. Event date: 2026-09-21. Evidence: Sponsor topline announcement.

The lower-dose regimen reported approximately 21% weight reduction over 68 weeks in adults without diabetes. Phase 3 randomized quadruple-masked NCT06388187, 300 actual participants with obesity or overweight plus a complication, excluding diabetes. Efficacy-estimand reduction: 20.95% at 1.0/1.0 mg; 20.75% at 1.7/1.7 mg. Displayed placebo change −2%. Protocol allowed flexible dosing.

Limitations: Sponsor slides/topline only. Arm sizes, confidence intervals, treatment-policy estimates and ≥5% co-primary counts unavailable. Not evidence that lower doses are superior to higher doses across different trials.

Safety: Discontinuation for any AE: 4.9% at 1.0/1.0 mg, 2.9% at 1.7/1.7 mg, 4.9% placebo. Complete AE/SAE frequencies not released.

U.S. status: Investigational for this use; no new U.S. approval.

Next milestone: U.S. decision forecast Q4 2026. REDEFINE 11 readout now forecast Q1 2027; high-dose program readout H1 2028.

Novo September 21 release; Novo Obesity CMD, slide 9; NCT06388187 registry.

Related findings:

• CagriSema reports a Phase 2 painful-neuropathy signal.
• Novo plans first human study of a PCSK9/GLP-1 combination.
• New liver-development plans target MASH and alcohol-related disease.

Source date: 2026-09-14. Evidence: Sponsor topline.

The oral peripheral CB1 inverse agonist adds a non-incretin obesity program to the broader metabolic watch. CANYON-1, NCT07310901, randomized 254 U.S. adults with obesity without diabetes. After 12 weeks of treatment, efficacy-estimand weight loss was 2.8%, 3.3% and 5.0% across active doses versus 0.0% with placebo (all p < .0001). The highest-dose arm included 62 participants; placebo included 66. Four weeks of follow-up followed treatment. The registry retains an older May 29 snapshot, with estimated enrollment of 252 and no posted results; preserve the later sponsor-reported analysis population.

Limitations: Short phase 1b study, no uncertainty intervals or long-term outcomes; sponsor GLP-1 comparisons are cross-trial, not head-to-head. Do not label CRB-913 an incretin or add it to hormone-mimetic plots without explicit scope change.

Safety: Adverse-event discontinuations ranged from 3.1% to 13.1%; irritability affected 6.2%–9.7% across active doses versus 0% with placebo. No serious/severe psychiatric event or suicidality reported. Gastrointestinal symptoms occurred; long-term neuropsychiatric safety remains unestablished.

U.S. status: Investigational.

Next milestone: A detailed presentation is scheduled for ObesityWeek, November 14–17, 2026. The sponsor targets a phase 2 start in the first half of 2027.

Corbus September14 release; CANYON-1 registry.

Source date: 2026-09-15. Evidence: Official sponsor conference schedule.

Lilly specifies the upcoming eloraTZP phase 2 disclosure at EASD. Eloralintide plus tirzepatide results in adults with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes are scheduled for September 30, 16:30–17:30 CEST. Retatrutide/TRIUMPH-2 is scheduled for September 30, 08:30–09:30 CEST; Foundayo/ACHIEVE is scheduled for October 1, 08:30–09:15 CEST.

Limitations: The announcement contains no new numerical eloraTZP efficacy or safety results. ACHIEVE-4 estimates repeat April 16 data and should not be presented as new September findings or proof of superiority: four-component MACE HR 0.84 (95% CI 0.59–1.20); three-component MACE HR 0.77 (95% CI 0.52–1.13).

Safety: The new combination safety presentation is pending.

U.S. status: The combination is investigational; approved indications for its components do not establish approval of the combination.

Next milestone: The eloraTZP symposium is scheduled for September 30, 2026.

Lilly EASD announcement.

Related findings:

• Completed finerenone–semaglutide combination study appears in registry: A newly posted human trial will be followed for results; it is not a new trial launch.
• Resistance-training study during tirzepatide treatment is listed as recruiting: A randomized study will measure whether resistance training preserves contractile thigh muscle during tirzepatide treatment.
• Small sponsor studies explore skin care after medication-associated weight loss: Allergan reports early skin-quality improvements in people taking weight-loss medicines, from two very small single-center studies.

Current position: this category now includes approved oral obesity treatments, broader disease indications, and several late-stage combinations. The important question is increasingly whether a treatment improves durable health outcomes, tolerability, and maintenance as well as weight loss.

Already available in the U.S. Oral Wegovy (semaglutide 25 mg) was approved December 22, 2025 and launched January 2026; injectable Wegovy HD 7.2 mg was approved March 19, 2026. Foundayo (orforglipron), a small-molecule oral GLP-1 agonist, was approved April 1, 2026 for adult weight management. Its diabetes application had been submitted by August 2026; that is a separate indication. Novo oral approval, FDA higher-dose approval, FDA Foundayo approval letter, Lilly August update.

Beyond obesity, Zepbound has an approved indication for moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults with obesity. Wegovy injection has accelerated approval for MASH with moderate-to-advanced fibrosis: biopsy improvements supported approval, while the trial continues to test clinical liver outcomes. These are population-specific indications. FDA sleep-apnea approval, FDA MASH evidence.

Worldwide context: mazdutide, a GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist, gained Chinese approval for weight management in June 2025 and diabetes in September 2025. Chinese approval does not establish U.S. availability. Innovent weight-management announcement, diabetes announcement.

Six priority investigational programs:

• Retatrutide, GLP-1/GIP/glucagon triple agonist: TRIUMPH-1 (NCT05929066) sponsor topline showed 28.3% weight loss versus 2.2% placebo at 80 weeks with 12 mg under the efficacy estimand; the treatment-regimen estimates were 25.0% versus 3.9%. Gastrointestinal effects and dysesthesia matter; adverse-event discontinuation was 11.3% versus 4.9% at that dose. July TRIUMPH-2/3 readouts extended the evidence to diabetes and established cardiovascular disease; their cardiovascular-event analyses did not establish event reduction. May topline, July topline; NCT05929079/NCT05882045.
• CagriSema, semaglutide plus cagrilintide: submitted to FDA after REDEFINE-1/2. The 809-person, open-label REDEFINE-4 comparison failed its noninferiority endpoint versus tirzepatide: 20.2% versus 23.6% weight loss at 84 weeks regardless of adherence. Substantial weight loss therefore coexists with a negative comparative result. Sponsor February readout, published REDEFINE-1; NCT05567796.
• Zenagamtide (formerly amycretin), single-molecule GLP-1/amylin agonist: injectable obesity development has reached phase 3. A randomized 262-person diabetes phase 2 study reported up to 14.6% weight loss at 36 weeks; its primary endpoint was HbA1c, with weight secondary. Oral development adds a separate formulation opportunity. June results, August program update.
• VK2735, GLP-1/GIP agonist: weekly injectable VANQUISH-1/2 phase 3 trials are fully enrolled, testing weight change over 78 weeks. Oral phase 2 supports further development, but gastrointestinal tolerability remains relevant. July program update, oral phase 2 conference data.
• MariTide, GLP-1 agonist/GIP-receptor antagonist: phase 3 MARITIME includes obesity, cardiovascular events, heart failure, sleep apnea, and switching/maintenance. Monthly and less frequent schedules are being tested; convenience and maintained benefit are central questions. Amgen August update.
• Eloralintide, selective amylin agonist: phase 2 reported up to 20.1% versus 0.4% placebo weight loss at 48 weeks under an efficacy estimand; higher doses had more gastrointestinal symptoms/fatigue. Phase 3 includes obesity and incretin add-on treatment. Phase 2 report, 2026 trial initiation filing.

• Announced: EASD, September 28–October 2, 2026, is a conference opportunity, not a guaranteed drug readout. Official dates.
• Sponsor windows: VK2735 maintenance data Q3 2026 and oral phase 3 initiation Q4 2026; CagriSema FDA decision anticipated late 2026, REDEFINE-11 readout H1 2027; retatrutide U.S. filing Q1 2027. Sources are the program updates above. Filing and trial initiation are not approval or efficacy results.
• No reliable near-term readout date verified: MariTide and zenagamtide pivotal efficacy, or eloralintide phase 3 efficacy. Monitor registry changes and conference abstracts.

Interpretation: these percentages are not a cross-trial ranking. Populations, duration, adherence assumptions, and comparators differ. This is a selective baseline; additional indications and smaller early programs remain within the watch scope.